Penrose diagrams

I bet you’ve heard loads of stories about black holes, but none quite like the one you’re about to hear. You may have been told that once you enter a black hole, it’s all over and there’s no way out. But what if I told you there’s more to the story?

You might also sometimes wonder why we’re always talking about how white holes, wormholes, and parallel universes come into play and or do they just exist as a sci-fi dream, or maybe scientists have made up such things because there has to be something cancelling out black holes, therefore white holes! But today, I’ll tell you on which basis these things are predicted by theoretical physicists.

We haven’t discovered many things in the universe, and nor do we understand them completely. Black holes certainly contribute a great deal to that equation. Now I’m going to present to you a tool physicists use to understand black holes, which helps combine all of the fantasy sci-fi stuff I mentioned above with fundamental theoretical physics.

Earlier graphs used to demonstrate theories were depicted as simple 2d graphs, with space as the x-axis and time as the y-axis, which had a lot of downsides, the main one being they were incapable of introducing the concept of curves in space-time. Hence they were almost useless for black holes.

All of this until Roger Penrose came up with a brilliant solution introducing a new way to look at graphs, the Carter- Penrose diagrams or simply Penrose diagrams. A Penrose diagram is a kind of space-time diagram arranged to clarify the…